Walking home this evening, I was attacking this question from just one angle, that of ‘transport.’ My thoughts went something like this:
What if, for a day, personal vehicles were outlawed in a major city? Buses, lorries/trucks, ambulances, vans, cyclists, motorcyclists, pedestrians, skateboarders, rollerbladers, unicyclists, and carpools would be allowed, but personal automobiles would have to stay home. People would flood public transport, leave for work an hour early just to get there, see each other’s faces as they passed…
Could be possible to narrow that list further? There are certain people, young children, elderly, disabled, etc. that wouldn’t be able to travel under their own power. You would still need buses, etc. with priority for those passengers so that they’d be able to get around. Getting rid of lorries is impossible: how else would we get necessary goods, food, medical supplies, etc? Cities, by condensing the distance needed to go to get resources, should mean less travel in general. But all those convenient resources still need to travel from their originating point to the city, which is perhaps more energy output in all. So staying local should be the solution, except that then if you can’t get everything you need locally, you still have to travel – or the goods do.
So certain vehicles are necessary evils of cities, in that case. But at least we could strip it down a certain amount, by encouraging cycling and people-powered methods of transport…
London is thinking about instituting a biker’s license, similar to a driver’s license, if the upward trend in cycle commuting continues. This is supposed to be a response to the concurrent upward trend in cyclist deaths and injuries. Yet there don’t seem to be any major plans to change the roads so that there are more separated bike lanes, signed bike paths, etc, to keep bikes away from the lorries, roundabouts, large intersections, and other hazards. This seems to be just another way to make the bikers responsible for their own victimization. I recently read an article which anecdotally found that car drivers percieved helmeted bikers as less fragile than unhelmeted bikers and therefore were less cautious driving around them, resulting in MORE accidents with HELMETED cyclists – which were still the cyclist’s fault, for wearing the helmet.
All in all, though, London seems to me the most green-conscious city I’ve been to (right now). There are recycling collection points in every neighborhood, many boroughs are expanding their initiatives to include compost of garden waste and kitchen scraps. There bins for paper and plastic bottle recycling next to trash bins on some corners and public-transport ads advocating cycling and walking. Half the flyers and free newspapers I read boast ‘printed on recycled paper,’ and local councils have freecycle-esque webpages for posting used stuff swaps. Re-use and recycling is high profile at the moment, but on a governmental and social scale, not just in the news. Heartening!
-Tara